Surge tank (shock absorber source)
In other words, the surge tank is pressurized in the path of fluid transfer lines to act as a storage tank in case of increased pressure and to act as a reservoir and power supply by reducing the pressure.
Surge Tank Surge Tank What?
Increasing or decreasing the pressure in pipelines transporting water, oil, etc. in which the fluid is flowing under pressure causes sudden waves, which are known as ram shock. The occurrence of ram shock phenomenon depends on various factors, such as changes in flow rate, pressure and fluid transfer rate. Due to the serious dangers and damages that the phenomenon of ram impact to the body of pipes and fluid transfer facilities creates, by placing a tank surge or shock absorber tank, an attempt is made to eliminate this phenomenon.
Surge tank is a metal tank with a very strong body, which is installed in the pressure transfer path in pipelines under pressure and absorbs part of the fluid by increasing the pressure in the pipe. In other words, it acts as a storage tank by increasing the pipe pressure. In contrast, by reducing the pressure in the pipes too much and to prevent the occurrence of water separation from the column, part of the fluid in the tank and shock absorber tank is transferred into the pipelines and in fact plays the role of power supply. . In the general structure of these reservoirs, air will be at the top of the source and water at the bottom.
Types of shock absorbers
According to the pressure in the pipelines and other factors in general, one of the two types of tank surge can be selected to control and adjust the pressure inside the transmission lines, which are:
One-way tank surge
One-way surge tank acts as a power supply by being in the path of pipelines. This type of shock absorber actually injects a portion of the fluid that is already stored before the source into the fluid transfer path by reducing the pressure in the pipelines. This prevents the phenomenon of fluid separation from the column and ram impact, which ultimately leads to cracks in pipes and installations. This source is installed above the level of the transmission line route and its maintenance cost is relatively high due to the long distance from the source to the pumping station.
Two-way tank surge
As the name implies, this type of shock absorber can play the role of power supply and storage due to the conditions inside the transmission pipes. In other words, by increasing the pressure in the transmission lines and in order to prevent the ram phenomenon from occurring, part of the fluid is transferred into the source. As the line pressure decreases, it will act as a one-way source and part of the fluid in the source will be injected into the pipelines. As fluid enters or exits the source or pipeline, the internal air in the tank will contract and expand, and the effect of increasing or decreasing the pressure will be reasonably reduced.
In another category and according to the installation method of these tanks, they can be divided into groups of standing shock tank, horizontal and oblique tank surge. As the name of each group indicates, in the standing type, the source is installed vertically in the path of water or oil transmission lines, and due to its strengths, it is used more than the other two types. The inclined type of these tanks has limitations in terms of how to fix it and prevent movement and shaking, and finally in the horizontal tank surge we will face the problem and limitation of increasing the volume of space without the use of water. Of course, it should be noted that according to the environmental conditions in which the tank is installed and the positive and negative characteristics of each type of tank, the appropriate option is selected.
Surge tank design
Due to the great importance of tank surge and their positive effect in preventing the bursting of pipes due to the phenomenon of ram impact, it is necessary to consider several standards in the design of shock absorber tank . One of the most important points to consider in designing a tank surge is the following options:
- All designs and calculations are performed to determine the size, dimensions and other factors of the shock absorber according to the ASME standard. ASME is the standard of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, which all designers and engineers are required to follow in all design processes for shock absorbers, etc.
- The size of the source or tank and the ratio of air and water in it is determined according to the type of fluid, the amount of pressure in the pipelines, etc.
- The material used for the tank body, its installation method (horizontal, vertical and oblique) is determined according to the environmental conditions and the pressure in the pipelines. According to the ASME standard, steel sheets are used for most shock absorber tanks to have good impact and pressure resistance.
- In order to increase the strength of the tank against chemicals and prevent corrosion of the hull, the inner layers of the source are covered with several layers of epoxy.
Construction of Surge Tank
Araz Tajhiz Parsis Company, as a manufacturer of water and wastewater treatment equipment and pressure vessels, has designed and manufactured surge tanks in various dimensions and sizes in its activities. It should be noted that each project of manufacturing and production of shock absorber tanks in this complex is done according to the conditions of transmission pipelines and the amount of pressure in them and changes in flow, etc. and is completely unique. Therefore, the experts and engineers of Araz Tajhiz Parsis Company are ready to provide free consultation to provide information and introduce each of the features used in the construction of surge tanks .
